نشریه راهبردهای آموزش در علوم پزشکی
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 5، پاییز 1388)

Aims. Family planning has been accepted as a strategy against increasing the population in most countries. One of the success factors of family planning program is teaching its goals to students. This study was performed on male students of Mahabad Islamic Azad University to evaluate the effect of teaching "population and family planning" course on awareness and attitude of them. Methods. This is a semi-experimental before and after study. The sampling method was simple non-randomized and available by which 195 male students were selected from different courses and levels of education. Data was collected by a questionnaire in two steps. SPSS 13 software, explanatory and understanding methods like T-test and correlation coefficient were used for analyzing data. Results. 3% of students had the experience of reselecting this lesson. The awareness point mean was 3.2 from 15 points of knowledge section of questionnaire before passing the "population and family planning" that was increased to 9.67 after it (p=0.001). Also, the point mean of students attitude was 4.75 from 15 points of attitude section of questionnaire, before passing the "population and family planning" that was increased to 8.29 after it (p=0.002). There were a significant differences between age, martial situation, field of study, record of selecting this course, year of entrance to university, parent's education degree, wives educational degree and her field of study with knowledge and attitudes of students (p<0.05). Presenting family planning services by teaching the "population and family planning" course in universities is effective to improve the awareness and attitude of students and as a result to modify their function in family planning.

Aims. Simultaneous with the rapid changes of techniques and skills and emergence of new phenomena in information technology, existance of widespread communication networks like internet and advanced tools and educational facilities were modificated the training methods and this become possible that the wide spectrum of knowledge seekers around the world and from long distances come under the remote educating network coverage and learn by differently from traditional and usual methods. In distance education, lifelong learning is possible without space and time limits for each person. This study reviewed the effective factors in acceptance of "e-learning" by nursing students. Methods. This is a descriptive correlative study. The study society were nursing students that 33 of them selected based on easy samples method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with three parts which its questions designed based on the structures and factors forming "technology acceptance model". Validity of the questionnaire determined by content validity and reliability of that by Cronbakh alpha. Results. Rate of understanding the ease and also understanding the usefulness of e-learning was at “good” level. About half of the samples expressed the attitude and willingness of studying by e-learning method “medium”. Conclusion. Two factors of understanding the ease and understanding the usefulness correlate to acceptance of electronic learning.

Aims. AIDS prevalence is increasing in different societies and students are exposing to the danger of affiliated by AIDS, because of information lacking in this field. This study was performed on male students of Mahabad Islamic Azad University to evaluate the effect of AIDS training courses on awareness and attitude of them. Methods. This is a semi-experimental before and after study. The sampling method was simple non-randomized and available by which 200 male students were selected from different courses and levels of education. Data was collected by a questionnaire in two steps. SPSS 13 software, explanatory and understanding methods like T-test and correlation coefficient were used for analyzing data. Results. 60% of students had received their knowledge about AIDS and its prevention ways from radio and television and 3% from family, friends and surrounding. Students awareness increased strikingly after educating about this disease and according to T-test results this difference was meaningful (p<0.001). Student's attitude in relation to AIDS before education was negative in 85% and positive in 15% of students that had been changed to 81% positive and 19% negative after education. At the time being, mobilizing against developing AIDS is a necessity. Universities should be considered as the main centers in AIDS decreasing strategy and essential educations should be taught to students in all universities.

Introduction. Nursing research activities have a growing trend. Data collecting by a questionnaire is one of the important stages of research. Up to now, lots of questionnaires have been developed in today’s world languages and been used in different countries. The questionnaires usually are translated or developed individually as needed and still some researchers do not believe in acceptance of standard guideline about translation process. Research tools psychometric experts; frequently insist on a correct translation process of questionnaires and by not paying attention to this important issue, internal and external findings couldn’t be compared with each other. Attainment of consensus standards for proper translation, enhance the translation quality of tools and cause to increase the cooperation and partnership between researchers from different cultures and improve the common results. Researchers and questionnaire designers have taken many steps in translation and cultural adaptation of questionnaire. The goal of this article was to introduce important steps of translation process based on maintaining the cultural equivalences. Conclusion. The quality of an instrument used in cross-cultural research is expected to vary with quality of the translation method in different researches. Therefore, there is a need for consensus among researchers in how to achieve the quality of instrument translation.

Introduction. Human resources are not more limited than rich natural resources. However, as natural resources have a certain amount and must be used with precise scientific programs, human resources are not infinite and must be used carefully for efficient utilization. Progress of any society before the financial possibilities depended on production and innovation of people and not on the imitation and usage of revealed and nearly obsolete guide. The first implementation of performing this policy is to create conditions suitable for breeding creativity. To do this important, curriculum of higher education must be designed problem-based and integrated. The purpose of this article was to review the necessity and benefits of utilizing these approaches for curriculum development at the University to breed the creativity and innovation in graduates. Conclusion. Universities and higher education institutions should provide the needed texture of using the deep learning approaches. For this purpose, the use of active teaching methods that require paying attention to learning process and its realization (and not just increasing the information) and continuous involvement of students in their learning and more interaction with each other and their teachers are suggested to breed the spirit and skills of creativity, innovation and problem solving in the graduates.

Introduction. By today's advances in training methods, these methods have become much closed and what is now more discussed about this, is the role of educational media in developing training procedure. The necessity and importance of using media has expertise this category. Many experts are investigating about appropriate usage of this tool and always monitor the way of its usage to ensure the correct performing of its duty. So, if the concept of educational equipment not understood well and their position in the process of teaching-learning activities was not recognized, it would be impossible to use its scientific and practical potential in solving educational problems. Thus, this study defined and analyzed the educational equipment deals. Conclusion. One of the most effective activities in using media and co-educational equipment is participant attraction in their production. So, according to condition and facilities, educational materials should be provided for effective learning.

Introduction. How do you teach, especially if you are teaching at university? Do you use effective modern technologies related to computer for teaching (such as PowerPoint program) or using the old and traditional chalk-board method? Increasing attention and application of PowerPoint in teaching at all educational levels and seminars needs a comprehensive professional look and overview of this type of teaching. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of this method of teaching. Then, based on the personal experiences of the writer, the factors affecting the effective usage of PowerPoint software in presenting university courses (especially; biochemistry field courses) will be discussed and provides explanations and suggestions practical strategies, based on the pedagogy, for implementing its goals.

Introduction. Internationalizing the curriculum (IOC) is a new and evolving concept that especially has been considered in curriculum literature early 21st century. Despite the importance and status of such idea, Withdrawals and interpretation of this term in many countries, especially Iran, coupled with ambiguity, confusion and lack of transparency. This paper investigated this concept in line with the literature curriculum efforts to harvesting different about this word and their meaning and scope in this regard, processor and 3 different harvest under the IOC to international courses and academic disciplines, between International string of international studies curriculum and professional curriculum to identify the means to introduce their components. Conclusion. The development of knowledge, skills and values existing international programs to increase literacy of international students is essential and promoting academic curriculum beyond geographical boundaries and commercial building curriculum and its products seems necessary.